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waste wood, railroad ties

The calorific value and the elementary analysis refers to dry biomass.

calorific value

gross: 20483 kJ/kg   statistics...
net:   17400 kJ/kg

elementary analysis

C:  54.06 wt.%,dm   statistics...
H:   6.05 wt.%,dm   statistics...
N:   0.43 wt.%,dm   statistics...
S:   0.11 wt.%,dm   statistics...
Cl:  0.05 wt.%,dm   statistics...
O:  by difference

trace elements

Mg:
Ca:
Al:
Si:
P:
Fe:
As:      1.50 ppm
Cr:
Ti:      2.91 ppm
Zn:      8.00 ppm
Ba:     25.20 ppm
Ni:
Pb:      8.00 ppm
Cd:      0.10 ppm
Cu:      4.00 ppm
Hg:

ash content

a:  1.44 wt.%,dm   statistics...

ash analysis

CO2:    1.10 wt.%
SO3:    6.58 wt.%
Cl:  
P2O5:  11.80 wt.%   statistics...
SiO2:  18.04 wt.%   statistics...
Fe2O3: 13.31 wt.%   statistics...
Al2O3:  4.20 wt.%   statistics...
CaO:   17.65 wt.%   statistics...
MgO:    3.63 wt.%   statistics...
Na2O:   6.21 wt.%   statistics...
K2O:   13.44 wt.%   statistics...
TiO2:   0.52 wt.%

ash analysis of heavy metals

Pb:      7.00 ppm
Cd:
Cu:    109.00 ppm
Hg:
Mn:      0.48 ppm
Cr:     63.00 ppm

thermal ash behaviour

for more information about SIT, SOT, HT and FT look at Characterisation of ash behaviour

SIT:  1200 °C
SOT:  1220 °C
HT:   1250 °C
FT:   1260 °C

reference: 17, 20

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Institute of Chemical Engineering, Fuel and Environmental Technology
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A-1060 Vienna
Austria