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spruce /chips

The calorific value and the elementary analysis refers to dry biomass.

calorific value

gross: 18803 kJ/kg   statistics...
net:   17161 kJ/kg   statistics...

elementary analysis

C:  49.53 wt.%,dm   statistics...
H:   5.77 wt.%,dm   statistics...
N:   0.19 wt.%,dm   statistics...
S:   0.01 wt.%,dm
Cl:  0.01 wt.%,dm
O:  by difference

trace elements

Mg:
Ca:
Al:
Si:
P:
Fe:
As:
Cr:
Ti:
Zn:
Ba:
Ni:
Pb:
Cd:
Cu:
Hg:

ash content

a:  0.48 wt.%,dm   statistics...

ash analysis

CO2: 
SO3: 
Cl:  
P2O5:   2.20 wt.%
SiO2:  25.30 wt.%
Fe2O3:  2.80 wt.%
Al2O3:  4.00 wt.%
CaO:   39.60 wt.%
MgO:    5.00 wt.%
Na2O:   0.80 wt.%
K2O:    6.80 wt.%
TiO2:

ash analysis of heavy metals

Pb:     13.00 ppm
Cd:
Cu:    324.00 ppm
Hg:
Mn:
Cr:    127.00 ppm

thermal ash behaviour

for more information about SIT, SOT, HT and FT look at Characterisation of ash behaviour 

SIT:  1340 °C
SOT:  1410 °C
HT:   1700 °C
FT:   1700 °C

reference: 4, 20

TU
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VIENNA
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A-1060 Vienna
Austria